Rated PG for Language

Welcome to The Bootloader. I'm Paul Cutler.

And I'm Tod Kurt. The show works like this. Paul and I have brought three things to share, and we'll discuss them for about five minutes each. For detailed show notes and transcripts, visit thebootloader.net. Paul,

what's your first one for this week?

So for the first time ever, I hit the explicit language button when uploading this podcast episode. And that's all because I would like to say is, tariffs are bullshit.

(laughing)

- Unless you've been living under a rock,

you've heard about the massive tariffs

the current American administration has imposed

on goods from across the world,

and it's killing the maker community.

Wanna order a handful of PCBs or make a small run to sell?

That'll be an extra 145% due to tariffs.

Carrie Sundra of Alpenglow had an idea a few weeks ago,

and that was for someone to create the website

tariffsarebullshit.com,

and she posted her idea on social media.

By the time I saw the post and checked with my registrar,

the domain had already been snapped up

by friend of the show, Jason Kuhn of Evil Genius Labs.

The website is meant to share stories from the news

of how tariffs are impacting small businesses.

From the readme, it asks if you've received any emails,

watched any videos, or read social media posts

from manufacturers and suppliers

on how the tariffs are affecting them.

So if you've seen a story in the news or on social media,

or you have a story to tell yourself,

start a discussion on the GitHub repo

and add a pull request.

There are already more than a handful of stories

and I'm hoping more get added

as I think it's important to share the impact

of these bullshit tariffs.

And if you read just one article or watch one video,

check out Carrie's YouTube video

on how the tariffs are impacting her at Alpenglow.

The video is just over 40 minutes long,

but she takes two of the products she sells

and breaks down where all the parts come from

from around the world

to show how tariffs are going to affect her.

My favorite part of the video

when she was talking about manufacturing the PCB for the Skein Twister.

This one small one inch by two inch PCB has 27 different parts.

And she compares how much it was to have it manufactured in the US versus China.

It's pretty mind blowing.

We need more makers and small business owners sharing their stories, too.

And if you happen to see one, share

it with tariffs or bullshit dot com.

Yeah, yeah, that's that's so good.

It's in some way I'm glad that at least the concept of tariffs

are being sort of talked about more because of the, there's this,

there's this, this exception for low price shipments called the de minimis

exception where you didn't get charged import fees for other countries if your

shipments were small.

And that's how places like AliExpress and a lot of drop shippers from

Kickstarter were able to like do their things.

But usually you have to pay some tariffs and usually it's, you know,

a couple of percent, five, 10% or something.

And everyone kind of prices that into their, their business model.

Like I've got a small business and I've had to price that in.

Like when the first Trump administration charged,

increased the tariffs from China to 25%

that was implemented irregularly on one big shipment,

no tariffs, on another big shipment, 25%.

And suddenly, you know, there goes most of my margin

for selling the product.

And luckily I priced it so that I still had some margin

available to me.

So I made some money off of those, you know,

But it's just like, I've heard again and again,

that like tariffs are charged to the company

of the products that we're importing from.

It's like, no, no, no, it's on the people

in the country that the tariffs are from.

So like, I am paying the tariffs.

- Right.

- If I buy something from China.

And like some of these, like most of these things

we cannot buy in America.

Like you could say maybe that, oh, PCBs,

there are PCB companies that will make PCBs in America.

Yes, that's true.

But all the parts that go on the PCBs,

all of those come everywhere else

because there's hardly nothing made in America

for those components.

And so you have to go outside of US anyway for the parts.

- And Carrie talks about that a little bit in her video

and even just the price difference

between what the PCB fabs here in the US charge versus China.

And she shares

that a lot of the PCB fabs here in the US

are part of the defense industry.

They can

charge

much higher prices

than the average consumer is willing to pay.

And those

were things that I didn't know

that were kind of eye opening and just watching one video.

- Yeah, that's how I first got into

like knowing how to make PCBs

was with US based aerospace focused PCB suppliers.

And so the step up from just making a PCB

is a PCB assembly where they put parts on.

And there are these companies in the US

that back in the 90s,

you had to fax them a document and they would get back to you with a quote.

And pretty much the API to them is still the same.

You send them an email and they'll come back to you.

Whereas these other companies and mostly China, you go to a website

and you can you upload your CAD output files.

You get an immediate quote.

You can pay for it right then.

And, you know, and then like in a week later or two weeks later,

whatever you get, you get the products that you've designed and specified.

because they can do all this because it's all robots.

- Right.

- There's

very little human intervention.

And if you know how to design your products

to use the robots more, it's a lot faster too.

And there's nothing like that in the US yet.

Like every time I do a big production run,

I look to see, hey, how's the US PCBA facilities?

And like, you know, they're all way too expensive

'cause they've never had to focus on that.

And who knows if this will ever, like, there's the one upside is that maybe this will cause the U.S.

PCB industry to happen more, but I don't know.

It's going to take them years, even if it were to happen.

Yeah, exactly that.

All right. What's your first one for us?

Well, sort of, sort of related in a way. It's about desoldering tricks. So if you've ever

soldered together electronic circuit boards yourself, you've probably wanted to unsolder

some of those components. And normally, unsoldering PCBs,

unsoldering parts from PCBs is a pain. And for some parts, it's almost impossible. You just like,

we'll start again from a fresh board because it's like, I'm just going to mess the board up if I

try to unsolder this. And that's not the most cost effective solution, especially nowadays,

when parts supplies are a little bit unknown because of this ever shifting tariff landscape.

And so it might become more cost effective for all of us hackers to desolder parts from

existing boards and to repurpose them.

Back in the Covid chip shortage, I knew a small manufacturer who did this because they

were able to get these little demo boards, these little dev boards for pretty cheap and

it was cheaper for them to buy these dev boards, unsolder the main chip they needed from it,

and then solder it down onto their own project that they were then having to kickstart it

for.

So I'm always on the lookout for techniques that are quicker and cheaper than what I normally

do for desoldering.

And I recently came across two videos to do that.

The first is from YouTube channel Tinkering Daily

that shows this really clever low cost technique

for removing surface melt components.

To start, you get a soda can, no really,

and using tin snips, cut a piece of the can out

a few inches long, about as wide as your finger,

taper down one end of that strip that you've cut

so that it's about less than a centimeter across,

and then using sandpaper,

reduce the thickness of the aluminum

till it's about.08 millimeters thick.

so you have to have some calipers,

but now it's a thin desoldering shim.

That thickness means it can slip underneath

soldered down parts.

So the process to unsolder the part

is you stick the little shim in there,

unsolder one side, slide the little shim

a little bit farther underneath the thing

you just heated up, and then unsolder the other side

and move the shim over to get underneath

the part you just heated up again,

and the part's now unsoldered.

And since it's made of aluminum,

solder doesn't stick to aluminum.

It'll just like kind of peel off when it cools.

So this is really clever.

The person Tinker Daily shows,

removing multiple different kinds of parts

like SD card sockets, audio jacks,

large flash storage chips.

It seems like a really, really kind of cool,

almost like street vendor technique.

Like you can almost imagine someone is gonna upgrade

the memory of your phone using a technique

like this or something.

- Sure.

(laughing)

- So last week I got a soda can and tried this out myself

and it works.

I'm not very good at it yet, but I'm going to totally add it to my toolkit of techniques

whenever I need to unsolder stuff.

And then later in the video, Tinker Daily also shows how to make unsoldering through-hole

components with one of those little solder suckers, those spring-loaded solder suckers.

And those solder suckers I've always had problems with, but if you really need to desolder a

lot of through-hole parts and you have $200, check out the recent video from Jeff Geerling

about the Hakko FR-301.

This build is a portable desoldering tool, but it's really just a motorized solder sucker

with some better engineering.

It solves the two main problems I've had with solder suckers.

The solder sucker is a separate thing from your soldering irons.

There's always a little bit of a gap in both time and space.

You have to heat up the joint and then move the solder sucker in and push the plunger.

Hopefully you'll do that fast enough.

Usually it doesn't, so you always leave some behind and the solder will cool down.

The other is that the solder sucker will clog.

a couple of uses it clogs up you have to say kind of stop what you're doing take

the solder sucker apart clean it out the FR-301 has solves both these problems it

has a tip that's both the heater and the sucker and when it sucks up the solder

it stores it in this little chamber that's separate from the nozzle so it

didn't so it never gets clogged in normal use it looks really well designed

it looks like a little it looks kind of soldering gun but it's got this little

whirring air pump that activates when you pull the trigger and so if

you're gonna do a lot of through-hole rework you just need to unsolder a bunch

to parts, it's literally as fast as going

dunk, dunk, dunk, dunk, dunk to unsolder about five joints.

It's like, I don't need to do it very often,

but if I do need to, I'm going to get one of these.

- Yeah, I was just thinking for $200, that's a lot.

But if it's really that easy, this chunk, chunk, chunk,

and it's coming off just like that,

I can see the making an investment like that.

- Totally.

So Paul, what's your next one?

- Philips, the company that makes everything

from light bulbs to electric razors,

has announced a new program they call Fixables.

If you followed the right to repair movement,

it's, and I'm quoting,

"a legal right for owners or devices

"to freely modify or repair products they own

"and stop making everything disposable."

For example, without the right to repair initiative,

we might not have been able to unlock our mobile phones

and take them to another carrier,

like the law passed in 2014 in the US.

There are right to repair bills in all 50 states,

and a handful of states have already passed legislation,

including California, Massachusetts,

and my home state of Minnesota.

So it's pretty cool to see a large corporation jumping in.

Now Philips is starting very small

with the first part being one three millimeter comb

for the Norelco OneBlade, a men's electric shaver.

According to an article at Tom's Hardware,

the program is primarily for the Czech Republic at launch

and Prusa Research and LaPub have partnered with Philips

to help with the local maker community adoption.

Philips has also added a webpage

where you can submit a request

for them to add a specific part.

Too many electronic devices are disposable these days

and I love seeing a company dive

into

something new like this.

- Yeah, this is so cool.

It's like if you've ever been on Thingiverse, Printables,

any of these other 3D printer sort of model websites,

or if you've been on the 3D printing subreddit,

the functional print subreddit,

there's all these little add-ons that sometimes,

oftentimes they're for home grooming things.

They're like things to make your toothbrush easier to hold

or like I've seen add-ons for different kinds of blade things

like this.

Like this is for--

I think it's a motorized razor, and it turns it

into a beard trimmer is what the fixables thing.

And this is sort of the perfect application for a 3D printer

because you can customize it pretty easy for different

lengths if you want.

And it doesn't need that much physical strength

because it's just this little plastic thing that goes

between the razor and your face.

There's not a lot of physical stress on the part.

So it can be a thin, a thin kind of delicate looking thing.

And yeah, and the fact that Philips is supporting this means that we get

good, accurate measurements.

We don't have to like reverse engineer it.

Exactly.

And you

mentioned Thingiverse and Printables.

They have their own Printables page, so you can actually subscribe

and follow them too to see them add more parts over time.

Oh, that's cool. That's awesome. Yeah.

So what's your next one for us?

All right.

So you ever are you up for a two and a half hour

documentary about a 1980s video game.

I always am up for a video game documentary.

All right. So on YouTube, there's this there's this video called Resurrecting

Sinistar. It's a documentary by nom de plume musician Synamax

about the revolutionary and scary as heck to me as a kid coin up game Sinistar.

Sinistar was created by Williams Electronics, makers of other famous video

games like Defender, Robotron and Joust.

I played all these when I was a kid. I loved them.

It was the first game to feature real sampled voice audio, like...

"I am Sinistar.

Beware, I live."

And...

"RUN!"

And it would play this while you're playing the game,

when the big Sinistar monster's coming after you. It was terrifying.

It also had a 49-way joystick and blistering fast gameplay.

It was like one of the hardest games ever played.

If you've never seen it, gameplay is vaguely Asteroids-like,

but you shoot the rocks to mine bombs that use against this growing,

sentient planet called Sinistar.

The documentary is quite long at over two hours,

but it goes into the history of the team that created these games,

the challenges of making video games at all in the 1980s,

some of the assembly language tricks needed for certain game features

and some of the technical hurdles that made Sinistar unique.

How did how did they do audio?

How did they make that 49 way joystick work?

It also discusses the challenges of reconstructing a modern

working build of the game from 40-year-old source code.

This is because a couple of years ago, the source code for several Williams

video games appeared anonymously online.

I have a link to the GitHub repo for all this if you want to look at what

1980s source code looked like.

Along the way, the documentary has exclusive interviews of members of the

Williams game team, project lead software engineer Noah Falstein, sound

engineer Mike Metz, and game designer John Newcomer.

You can track Synamax's work, who made the documentary, on his public GitHub repo, so

you can see how he's been modifying the code to work with modern tools.

Also, the video has chapters, so even though it's two hours long, you can think of it as

maybe an eight-episode miniseries.

Yeah,

you should.

It's closer to three hours than two hours at that, too.

Yeah, totally.

I started watching

it, and the next thing I knew is I was two or three chapters into

A half hour had gone by just like that.

And it's it's engaging.

And it's very nostalgic and takes me back to when I was very young

and playing in

arcades.

Yeah, no, it like like CineStar would always call to me.

I mean, like literally because it's a track mode

as it would occasionally play these scary

vocal sounds as you're just walking by.

All right, Paul,

so what's your next one?

I recently came across Kiwix, thanks to Alex Glow on the social networks.

Kiwix is a non-profit dedicated to providing offline access to free content.

It's free and open source and allows you to make compressed copies of entire websites like

Wikipedia or Project Gutenberg. Their homepage mentions 50% of the world doesn't have access

to reliable internet and this is one way to bring the world's content to those areas without good

internet. Kiwix supports the whole stack. They have a Kiwix server, you can run on a Raspberry

Pi or any other major OS like Windows, Mac, or Linux. But if you use a Raspberry Pi, you

can also use it as a wireless hotspot to serve these local websites to anyone connecting.

Almost any model of Raspberry Pi will work from the Model 3b on up except for the Zero

2W. Or you will soon be able to buy a Pi hotspot right from Kiwix that comes with an SSD, Pi5,

real-time clock, and more.

So what does Kiwix do? It allows you to download entire websites and serve them offline. You

which I think is only about 57 gigs for the English version and host it locally.

You can visit library.kiewix.org to see the websites they make available for

offline use and it includes a thousand books as they call it.

They have tons of documentation available from Linux distro docs to Python

documentation to all of the free code camp to teach you how to code.

They use the Zim file format, which is an open document format with excellent

audience. I was amused when I was on the Kiwix hotspot page and they have multiple personas

that come with the Kiwix preloaded. One who wants all of Wikipedia, someone that might want medical

information, someone who might want TED talks, computer docs, and my favorite, Doomsday preppers.

Because when World War III starts, someone

has to save mankind's knowledge.

This is amazing. As someone who's tried to mirror a website by hand with like clever invocations of

you get and getting a somewhat functional site, but not really.

This is a really cool, really cool set up

because so many of our documentation setups now aren't just a single linear page,

but rather these like complicated websites.

So we need something like this. This is this is really neat.

Yeah, I agree. And what's your last one for us?

All right. So it's about a hardware thing for for musical synthesizer stuff.

It's called Euronob. It's a knob. It's a jack.

It's a knob. No, it's Euro knob.

So what is this?

The talented hacker, Mitzella, perhaps most famous for his self-proclaimed

smallest and worst MIDI sense that fit inside of a USB

A jack or USB C jack, recently posted this really clever hack

that allows you to plug a knob into a headphone jack and turn it to adjust values.

How how does this work?

You so imagine you get this Eurorack modular synth set up with wires going all over.

some of the wires carry these control voltages, maybe from a slow oscillator module, a low

frequency oscillator or LFO, that alters the behavior of another module like a filter.

Thus this wire is what's making the sound rhythmically go "wow wow wow wow".

But now you can just unplug that wire, plug in a knob, and turn the knob to change the

filter directly, make it "wow" or however you want.

So what is this magic?

The Euronob solves a common problem in modular synths like Eurorack systems.

Some of these synth modules have jack inputs, but no corresponding knob on their front panel

to change the value.

So you have to just wire stuff up even to just see what this input does.

And the way he does this is his hack has behind the jack a special type of magnetic position

encoder.

So on axis, it's got the jack and the encoder below it.

So when you plug a cable in, the jack just acts like any old jack.

But if you plug in his special knob, the shaft of which looks like a plug, but it has a small

embedded magnet in it.

So as you plug the jack, sorry, plug the knob into the jack and turn the knob, the magnet

rotates which the magnetic position encoder can read.

And these magnetic encoders are incredibly precise.

The cheap ones he's using is the AS5600.

It provides 12 bit position accuracy and they're effectively noiseless, unlike the DACs of

most of the microcontrollers.

if you ever hooked up a pot to an Arduino or something,

even when you're not touching it,

the value will like oscillate around like five or six values

because there's just like inherent noise in the system.

And this doesn't have that

because it's just measuring the magnetic field

and that doesn't really change.

There's no magnetic noise in our lives usually

is to cause it to do that.

And I've been wanting to use some of these

AS5600 magnetic position encoders for a while

because they seem like a really good knob solution.

They're little I squared C devices.

you can just talk to it.

One thing that's been stopping me is trying to figure out

how do you mount the magnet?

'Cause you need a magnet

and it needs to be on the shaft of the knob.

So I'm thinking of using his idea,

not even using the jack aspect of the jack,

but just using the jack and the plug

as a mechanical system to hold the magnet.

So if you wanna look up this project,

Mitsula has published a blog post on how it all works

and then a GitHub repo with his PCB design,

software, and CAD files.

- Yeah, the write-up is fantastic.

He walks through how he built the whole project

and shares the CAD files in it and everything.

The only disappointment I had was towards the end,

he's like, "This is a prototype,

"but I don't plan on moving forward with it

"'cause it's probably not viable long-term,"

or something like that.

And I'm like, "Oh, you went to all this work."

(laughing)

- Yeah, all of his projects are like this.

everyone go to his webpage.

He's been doing these things for like 10 years.

They're like little art pieces almost, and they could be

manufacturable and productizable, but no.

He does it for the fun of it.

Well, why else would you do it?

Right.

Well, that's our show.

For transcripts and detailed show notes, visit thebootloader.net and

check out

the show notes to also follow us on all the different social networks.

Until next time, stay positive.

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